Digital Forensics
Examine the record behind the record.
We help you assess a questioned document or digital record by examining its source, properties, chronology, and apparent inconsistencies. We explain which conclusions the available material can support.
01
Define the inconsistency that needs to be tested.
A disputed creation date, an unexpected author name or a document that differs from another copy can raise a focused forensic question. We first clarify the proposition you want examined and obtain the best available source. An original file, exported PDF, scanned image and screenshot carry different information and cannot be treated as equivalent.
02
Examine the file in the context of its history.
We consider relevant document properties, file-system records, version history and available application or account records. Copying, synchronization, export and ordinary editing can change some dates and properties. Our examination considers those explanations before attributing an inconsistency to manipulation or to a particular person.
03
Compare related records where they are available.
An email attachment, earlier version, cloud copy or preserved device may provide a comparison point. We assess how each was obtained and whether the records genuinely relate to the same document or event. A matching hash can establish that two files contain the same bytes; it does not by itself establish who authored the content or whether the underlying statements are true.
04
Report the tests and the strength of the conclusion.
You receive an explanation of the sources examined, comparisons performed and findings relevant to your question. We separate observed properties from interpretation and identify missing originals, incomplete history or other limits. A finding may support or challenge a proposition without resolving every issue about authenticity, authorship or intent.
05
Keep the original material and describe its provenance.
Do not resave or edit the questioned file to prepare it for review. Tell us where it came from, how it was received and whether other versions exist. Counsel can help define the disputed proposition and the form of technical reporting needed for the matter.
RELEVANT SOURCES
Start with what is available.
We help you identify which available sources can answer your question, within an authorized scope.
Original and available comparison filesBEFORE WE BEGIN
Here is what helps us understand your matter.
- Preserve the questioned file in the form received, with related email or transfer context.
- Identify the specific date, property, version or authenticity concern.
- Locate comparison copies and explain their origins.
- Discuss the intended use and deadline before transferring material.
RELATED ARTICLES
Useful before you need us.
We share the questions and methods that can help you make a more informed next decision.
YOUR NEXT STEP
What do you need to understand?
Tell us about your situation. We can help you identify the evidence, support, or preparation that fits.